Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting an estimated 8-13% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Despite its prevalence, PCOS remains shrouded in mystery, with up to 70% of cases going undiagnosed.
PCOS is characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and ovarian cysts. Women with PCOS may experience irregular periods or amenorrhea, weight gain and obesity, acne and skin tags, excess hair growth and male pattern baldness, and infertility and miscarriage.
The emotional and psychological toll of PCOS cannot be overstated. Social stigma surrounding infertility, obesity, and unwanted hair growth can lead to feelings of shame, anxiety, and depression. Women with PCOS are also at increased risk of developing mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety.
Early diagnosis is crucial in managing PCOS. Delayed diagnosis can lead to increased risk of infertility and miscarriage, development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, higher risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke, and worsening mental health symptoms.
Recognizing early warning signs is vital. Women should seek medical attention if they experience:
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, hormonal assays and ultrasound scans, and ovarian function tests. Screening for PCOS should begin at puberty, particularly for women with a family history.
While there is no cure for PCOS, treatments can manage symptoms. Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, can improve insulin sensitivity and hormone regulation. Hormonal therapies, anti-androgen medications, and fertility treatments can also help manage symptoms.
PCOS awareness is critical for early diagnosis and effective management. By recognizing early warning signs and seeking timely medical attention, women can reduce the risk of complications and improve their quality of life. It’s essential to break the silence surrounding PCOS and encourage open conversations about this common condition.
Source: World Health Organization
